ABSTRACT
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is one of the major causes of neonatal death and severe disability in childhood.The etiology of NE is complex, which can occur in prenatal or delivery, and some neonates may even have high risk factors in both prenatal and delivery.Prenatal maternal diseases, hereditary diseases and genetic predisposition, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, infections, placental abnormalities, thrombosis, abnormal blood coagulation, and metabolic diseases can all directly cause NE.Some patients of NE have comorbidities such as neuromuscular diseases, congenital heart disease, severe anemia, and severe pulmonary diseases, which lead to the disturbance of extrauterine adjustment during delivery, and the occurrence of hypoxic-ischemia leading to NE.NE is a heterogeneous disease, and the selection of appropriate assessment based on the medical history and examination, identification of the etiology of NE and treatment for the etiology can improve the prognosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of diet and/or exercise intervention on oxidative stress of overweight or obese adolescents.Methods Thirty-one adolescents with normal body weight(normal control group)and 93 overweight or obese adolescents(average age(13.6 ±0.7)years; body mass index (BMI)22.4 to 34.1 kg/m2)were enrolled in this study.The overweight or obese participants were then randomly assigned to the diet group(group A),exercise group(group B),diet plus exercise group(group C),and non-intervention group(group D).Individualized caloric intake was carried out.One-hour afterschool exercise was performed once per day,4 days per week for 10 weeks.Changes of anthropometry,body composition,and metabolic biomarkers were determined.Results Compared to the normal control group,serum levels of fasting glucose,total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and malondialdehyde(M DA)of the in overweight group were significant increased(all P ＜ 0.05),although the level of SOD was significant decreased(P ＜ 0.05).Serum MDA level was positively correlated with bodyweight,BMI,TC,and LDL-C(R values were 0.209,0.228,0.274,and 0.263,respectively ; all P ＜0.05),and serum SOD level was negatively correlated with bodyweight and BMI(R values were-0.334 and-0.362,respectively ; both P ＜ 0.05).Group A,B and C showed a significant decrease in BMI,waist circumference and body fat after the intervention(all P ＜ 0.05).The level of MDA was significantly decreased after the intervention in group A and B(both P ＜ 0.05); the levels of TC and LDL-C were significantly decreased in group B and C(both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Oxidative stress could have existed in overweight adolescents even when their serum glucose and lipid profiles are at a normal level.Ten-week diet and/or exercise intervention may contribute to improved body weight control,lipid metabolism,and oxidative stress response in this population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate signal transduction and cytokine gene expression pattern in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) between primary Sjogren syndrome patients and healthy controls. Methods The PBMC of 3 patients with Sjogren syndrome and 3 healthy volunteers with consistent age were collected. The total RNA extracted from the PBMC was carried the reverse transcription and in vitro transcription (IVT), then labeled with Cy5/Cy3 and hybridized on the gene chips. After scanning and data extraction with LuxScan 3.0, differentially expressed genes were analyzed with SAM method. The online tools of molecule analysis system (MAS) was used for biological knowledge mining. The difference of signal transduction and cytokine gene expression of each patient and control were compared. Results Statistical difference was calculated between the patient and control group in the following four pathway: the chemokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway[(FASLG(Fas ligand), CCL5, CCR3, IL-4R, CXCL10 (CXC chemokine ligand 10), TNFRSF19L (tumor necrosis factor supeffamily 19 ligand), CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1)], adhension molecule pathway [interleukin adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1)], Jak-STAT signal pathway [STAT4 (signal transducer and activation of transcription 4), CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization), IL-4R], Toll-like receptor signal pathway(CCL5, CXCL10). Among these, 4 genes were up-regulated and 6 genes were down-regulated. Conclusion Understanding of differently expressed genes should help us disclose the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development process of pathogenesis of primary Sjogren syndrome.